If the sebaceous glands are overactive, as can happen in puberty due to hormonal changes, the result is oily skin. Sebum can combine with keratin (the main component of outer skin layer, hair and nails) to block skin pores, leading to an inflammation of the glands and acne outbreaks.

These blockages are known as microcomedones or comedo plugs; this is why many skin products advertise themselves as “noncomedogenic”, or non-blocking. Oil-based products are not recommended for those with oily skin, as they can contribute to the problem.

The goal is not to eliminate sebum production but rather to balance it, since the oil from these glands serves a vital purpose as an anti-aging, protective mechanism for the skin.

Gentle cleansing is probably the single most important treatment in controlling oily skin. Harsh soaps or cleansers and abrasive scrubs may have the opposite effect of stimulating oil production. Warm water is best for washing as extreme temperatures may also irritate skin.

Cleansers and toners containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, glycolic acid or beta-hydroxy acid will reduce oiliness. Toners with these ingredients are best applied specifically to oily areas such as forehead, nose and chin since any of these acidic products can cause irritation and excessive drying in other areas.

Medicated pads and cosmetic blotting paper are useful (and portable) strategies for removing excess oil. Facial masks targeted for oily skin can also be beneficial.

There are many commercial products on the market to cope with oily skin, and a wide variety of traditional home remedies you can make up inexpensively. Recipes abound on line for cleansing, toning and facial masks; try something simple like a cucumber and oatmeal mask for natural exfoliation and to gently cleanse and lift off excess oil.

It should be noted, however, that if skin is treated to the extreme where it is too dry, the effect will be to increase oil production once again.

If more aggressive management is required to control oil production and the resultant acne, consultation with a dermatologist can provide a range of other options, including stronger medications and other procedures. Prescription creams infused with tretinoin , adapaline or tazarotene can reduce sebum secretion, as can laser treatments and chemical peels.